MOAT
Field notes / 02

Sources

The primary documents behind MOAT's claims. A reading list, not a news feed; none of these authors endorse MOAT.

REF 001standards2024-08-13

FIPS 204: Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard (ML-DSA)

The standard behind every MOAT seal. It defines ML-DSA-44, -65 and -87, their key and signature sizes, and the context strings used to keep signatures for one purpose from being reused for another.

NIST
REF 002standards2024-08-13

FIPS 205: Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Standard (SLH-DSA)

Signatures whose security rests on hash functions alone. Much larger than ML-DSA, but a hedge in case lattice assumptions ever weaken.

NIST
REF 003standards2024-08-13

FIPS 203: Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism Standard (ML-KEM)

For agreeing on shared keys, not for signing. Worth reading to see what the post-quantum toolbox covers, and what a key-exchange scheme can't do for a blockchain.

NIST
REF 004standards2024-11-12

NIST IR 8547 (initial public draft): Transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography Standards

NIST's proposed timeline for retiring quantum-vulnerable algorithms such as ECDSA and EdDSA: deprecated from 2030, disallowed from 2035.

NIST
REF 005research1995

Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer

The algorithm the whole field is preparing for. On a large fault-tolerant quantum computer it solves the discrete-logarithm problem that elliptic-curve keys depend on.

Peter W. Shor · arXiv quant-ph/9508027
REF 006research2017

Quantum Resource Estimates for Computing Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithms

Counts the qubits and gates Shor's algorithm would need against roughly 256-bit elliptic curves, the class Ed25519 belongs to. Useful for separating real timelines from noise.

Roetteler, Naehrig, Svore, Lauter · arXiv 1706.06752
REF 007chains2017-01

RFC 8032: Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)

The specification of Ed25519, the scheme that signs every Solana transaction. Its 32-byte public keys are what Solana addresses encode.

IRTF / RFC Editor
REF 008chainsSolana docs

Accounts

Why a Solana address is a public key, and why program-derived addresses sit off the curve with no private key at all. The basis of the scanner's Solana verdicts.

solana.com
REF 009chainsSolana docs

Transactions

What a transaction carries and what each signature covers. Background for reading the create_v2 instruction MOAT decodes before it seals a launch.

solana.com
REF 010chains2020

BIP-341: Taproot

Taproot outputs commit to a public key directly rather than to its hash. That's why the scanner treats bc1p addresses as exposed from the moment they exist.

Bitcoin Improvement Proposals
REF 011toolinglibrary

noble-post-quantum

The JavaScript ML-DSA implementation MOAT uses, on the server to seal and in your browser to verify. Read its notes on security before relying on it for anything of your own.

Paul Miller · GitHub
REF 012toolinglibrary

Relay: HyperEVM and Hyperliquid support

The bridge leg. Every crossing quote on this site is a Relay quote from SOL on Solana to native HYPE on HyperEVM (chain 999).

Relay · docs
REF 013chainsdocs

How to use the HyperEVM

Where MOAT tokens live: chain id 999, HYPE as the gas token, and the RPC the live readout reads blocks and gas prices from.

Hyperliquid · docs